Thursday, January 30, 2025

Farmers Protest 27/1/2025 - Anwar priorotized foreign dignitary visit over Malaysian farmers? Understand this VERY IMPORTANT concern that will affect all Malaysians

There was a FARMERS protest in Putrajaya on ___, where several hundreds participated - a representation of farmers from all over Malaysia...

'...farmers from across the country gathered outside the Agriculture and Food Security Ministry office in Putrajaya today(27/1/2025), urging the government to review the floor price of paddy.They also voiced strong opposition to the proposed Plant Seed Quality Bill, which they claim was drafted without meaningful consultation with farmers...'
But the government response was appalling - Both from the IGP(see Bernama Report) and Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim

Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim urged paddy farmers to ensure their planned gathering in Putrajaya today does not disrupt Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto’s visit. - Malaysiakini, 27/1/2025 

Really, Anwar and the government must PRIORITIZE the people, not the entertaining of some foreign dignitary..

The ISSUES raised by the farmers are not new - but have been raised over and over through statements, media statements(of 100 plus groups), and other interventions. However, when the government fails to respond - a peaceful assembly/protest is the option.  

It is an IMPORTANT ISSUE - but sadly media(journalist) also failed in bring these concerns to the people, and may be considered a failure of Media. Journalist should really educate themselves about various human rights issue - so, that they understand the issue and HIGHLIGHT it to the people of Malaysia. Sometimes, ignorance of journalist is the reason why some issues are not reported - how sad? They prefer to report on issues they know...

What about our Member of Parliaments and ADUNs, the peoples' representatives - why did they fail to highlight and push this very important people's rights, FARMERS' Rights issue.

Many do not realize how some CORPORATIONS have been moving towards dominating the market for SEEDs, and they use things like 'Intellectual Property Rights' to legally control the seed market. Hence, farmers 'forced' to buy seeds from Corporations - which many a time will require farmers to get fertilizers, pesticides, etc from the same Corporations if they want the seed to grow well. They are trying to shut down the rights of farmers to use (or even re-cycle) their own seeds, develop and use their own seeds. Now, Malaysia is planning a law - that will make it 'ILLEGAL' for farmers' to use their own seeds, to share or maybe sell their seeds to fellow farmers/others UNLESS they first get a LICENSE from the government - Why is the Malaysian government even considering such laws - which certainly is BAD for farmers, and will push them more towards dependency of them big agricultural companies/corporations? To get a license will cost MONEY - for the application, which may include scientific testing, etc...

AS, it is, by reason of past policies of government, can Malaysian farmers survive independently - or will they still be 'enslaved' to this government corporations. Talk about food security - to what extend can Malaysia, in terms of production and even planting, depend on its own - without having to rely on Multi-National corporations? 

The agricultural giant Monsanto has sued hundreds of small farmers in the United States in recent years in attempts to protect its patent rights on genetically engineered seeds that it produces and sells, a new report said on Tuesday...“Corporations did not create seeds and many are challenging the existing patent system that allows private companies to assert ownership over a resource that is vital to survival and that historically has been in the public domain,” - Guardian, 12/2/2013

When farmers purchase a patented seed variety, they sign an agreement that they will not save and replant seeds produced from the seed they buy...Other seed companies sell their seed under similar provisions...Where violations are found, typically Monsanto will settle most cases without ever going to trial. In many cases, those same farmers remain Monsanto customers. Sometimes however, Monsanto is forced to resort to lawsuits.- CROP LIFE, Monsanto: Why We Sue Farmers Who Save Seeds

Biopiracy or bioprospecting can be understood as the appropriation of traditional knowledge (TK), biodiversity and genetic resources in developing countries to claim for patent and to exploit it for profit without authorization and compensation. Fight against biopiracy is an arduous, complex and costly legal battle.

Sadly, Malaysia and many of its politicians simply do not understand Farmers RIGHTS - and the need to protect these rights against Multinational Corporations. In Malaysia too, farmers may be caught with issues of biopiracy or bioprospecting. Some 'outsider' goes and files a patent - and then farmers need to Pay(or pay more) just to use seeds that were originally Malaysian, used freely by our farmers. India, in respond to issues of 'Basmati Rice' has taken steps to put in place laws to protect local farmers - what has Malaysia done to protect farmer's right on this food security issue.

Anwar prioritized a visit of some foreign dignitary over its OWN farmers...

What is the position of PAS, BERSATU, MUDA, PSM, DAP,... over this issue of farmer's rights? Nothing to say is NO OPTION for political parties that are trying to get Malaysians to support them..

PLEASE read the Media Statements below - to better understand the issues being raised by these farmers...the issue is not simply about paddy floor price - there is a BIGGER issue (read the Statements to understand better)

 

Hundreds of farmers rally in Putrajaya, urge govt to review paddy floor price

B Nantha Kumar
Published:  Jan 27, 2025 1:01 PM
Updated: 12:27 PM

Summary

  • Farmers urge the government to raise the floor price of paddy from RM1,300 to RM1,800 per tonne.

  • They also strongly oppose the proposed Plant Seed Quality Bill, which mandates licences and laboratory testing for seed processing and distribution.

  • Farmer representatives submitted a memorandum to the Prime Minister’s Office today, and received assurance their concerns would be forwarded to relevant ministries.



More than 200 farmers from across the country gathered outside the Agriculture and Food Security Ministry office in Putrajaya today, urging the government to review the floor price of paddy.

They also voiced strong opposition to the proposed Plant Seed Quality Bill, which they claim was drafted without meaningful consultation with farmers.

Malaysian Padi Farmers Brotherhood Organisation (Pesawah) chairperson Abdul Rashid Yob argued that the floor price is outdated due to the rising costs of diesel and seeds.

“We farmers from across Peninsular Malaysia have come together today to discuss and demand action on two key issues.

“First, we urge the government to increase the floor price of paddy from RM1,300 per tonne to RM1,800. The current floor price is no longer relevant due to the rising costs of diesel and seeds.

“This price increase is crucial to ensure the livelihood of farmers and to safeguard the country’s food supply. The floor price, set in 2023, is outdated and does not reflect the present economic realities,” Abdul Rashid told reporters.

On the proposed Plant Seed Quality Bill, he said it would burden small-scale farmers.

“This bill will require anyone processing and distributing plant seeds to obtain a licence and submit seed samples for laboratory testing.

“With the rising cost of farming, frequent delays in seed supply, and the declining quality of certified paddy seeds in recent years, nearly 30 percent of farmers have begun processing, sharing, and selling seeds from their own fields to save costs and earn additional income on a small scale.

“We strongly oppose this proposed bill,” he added.

Earlier today, 10 farmer representatives submitted a memorandum to the prime minister’s political secretary Chan Ming Kai, at the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) in the Seri Perdana Complex.

“During the meeting, the PM’s political secretary agreed in principle to our requests.

“He also stated that the PMO would arrange discussions with the relevant parties to address the issues we raised,” Abdul Rashid said.

When asked, Chan confirmed to reporters that the PMO would forward the farmers’ concerns to the relevant ministry.

“We will refer these issues to the respective ministry for action,” he said.

Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim’s political secretary Chan Ming Kai

Today’s rally, initially planned to take place outside Seri Perdana, was relocated to the Agriculture Ministry office to avoid disrupting the state visit of Indonesia’s President Prabowo Subianto to Malaysia.

The rally, which began at 10am and lasted about an hour, was also attended by representatives from Perikatan Nasional, PSM, and student groups.

Waving banners with slogans such as “Farmers are not lazy”, “Raise the floor price to RM1,800”, “Students support farmers”, “Farmers’ sweat isn’t free”, and “We reject the Seed Quality Bill”, the protesters declared they could no longer endure mounting losses.

Penalising unlicensed seed distribution

In November last year, Agriculture Minister Mohamad Sabu told the Dewan Rakyat that the drafting of the Plant Seed Quality Bill would first be presented to a parliamentary select committee before being tabled in Parliament.

According to him, the decision was reached during a meeting chaired by Dewan Rakyat speaker Johari Abdul on July 18 last year.

He also said the Agriculture Department is prepared to present the impact of the bill’s amendments to any farmer organisations if necessary.

The proposed bill includes penalties of up to RM100,000 in fines and three years imprisonment for unlicensed seed storage and distribution. - Malaysiakini, 27/1/2025



Groups Urge Government to Stop the Tabling of the Crop/Plant Seed Quality Bill in Parliament

Sahabat Alam Malaysia is a member of FKMM and along with 105 other organisations, have endorsed the following statement:

1. We, the farmers’ organizations and civil society groups below, urge the government to stop the process of tabling the Plant Seed Quality Bill in the Parliament, following the absence of a transparent process and comprehensive consultation with all interest groups, particularly small and medium scale farmers and non-governmental organizations working on agriculture and environment issues.

2. The Minister of Agriculture and Food Security of Malaysia through a question and answer session in the special chamber of Parliament on 18 November 2024 stated that the Department of Agriculture has conducted a series of briefings and has carried out a Regulatory Impact Analysis with regards to the Plant Seed Quality Bill where every individual who processes and distributes seeds will be required to apply for a licence. According to the Minister, the Regulatory Impact Statement (RIS) for the Plant Seed Quality Bill was released by the Malaysian Productivity Corporation (MPC) on 22 June 2018.

3. We would like to emphasize that this regulatory impact analysis was issued without complying with the established process for RIS. The first consultation with some of us was conducted in 2019. As far as we know, there was no consultation with farmers and the public before the RIS was released in 2018. The said RIS process was conducted in an irregular manner and is thus unreliable to support any introduction of the Bill. In fact, the drafting of the proposed Plant Quality Seed Bill was only announced by the Secretary- General of the Ministry of Agriculture on 16 September 2018. We found that certain groups of farmers were not even consulted at all. How can the RIS be completed before public notification was made? Therefore, proper impact assessment of the proposed new law must be carried out.

4. Since the announcement of this proposed Bill, FKMM (Malaysia Food Security & Sovereignty Forum) has met Department of Agriculture officers three times – once in 2019 and twice in 2024. We had requested for the meeting in 2019 whilst we received an invitation from a third party for the session in 2024. The Department of Agriculture itself did not take any effort to hold a consultation session with us. In the first meeting of FKMM with the Department of Agriculture in 2019, we were provided some details of the Bill but were not allowed to see the text of the Bill. The information provided to us then raised very serious concerns because we were told that every individual who processes, distributes, shares and sells plant seeds is required have a licence. As such, a sample of the plant seed concerned must be sent to a laboratory for testing and the offence of not having a licence is a fine of up to RM100,000 to RM200,000 and three (3) years imprisonment.

5. In 2024, our representatives attended two more consultation sessions. These sessions were too general and did not provide details of the Bill, such as impact on the practice of sharing and selling seeds on a small scale, requirement to send seeds to the laboratory for testing, as well as details of fines or punishment imposed on those who do not have a licence.

6. The objective of this Bill to prevent seed buyers from being deceived is welcomed. However, requiring licensing and notification to the Department of Agriculture by all individuals who store and distribute seeds including small farmers, is an excessive act and will only strengthen the monopoly of seed companies. The traditional practices of small farmers in saving, sharing, and selling seeds on a small scale to family members and friends are very important for agrobiodiversity and livelihood of farmers. We believe that the objectives of the Bill can be achieved through existing laws, and must include consultation with farmers and the public.

7. We would like to stress some of the main concerns that have been voiced by farmers and many civil society groups regarding this proposed Plant Seed Quality Bill:

i. Restricts the traditional rights of farmers to freely share and sell seeds among family, friends, and the public, because licensing is a form of government control and conflicts with Farmers’ Rights under international law.

ii. Possible increase in cost to farmers for licence fees and laboratory tests in the future. Although at present the laboratory tests may be free of charge in a government-owned laboratory, payment will definitely be imposed in the future by the government or private laboratories when the number of samples increases.

iii. Increased monopoly of companies because companies are more capable to cover related licensing and management costs, rather than individuals.

iv. Negative effects on agrobiodiversity because through licensing, the more popular or profitable commercial seeds will be prioritised.

v. Exorbitant fine and prison sentence imposed on farmers and the public, as if they had committed a serious offence – this contradicts Farmers’ Rights under international law.

8. Therefore, we strongly urge the government to stop tabling this Bill in Parliament and to conduct transparent and comprehensive consultation sessions with farmers and other interest groups. Transparency and the involvement of all parties in this process is important to ensure justice to all parties including farmers and the general public who will be affected by the Plant Seed Quality Act.

MEDIA STATEMENT: MALAYSIA’S UN PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE RESPONSE TO THE COMMUNICATION SUBMITTED BY THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE RIGHT TO FOOD ON FARMERS’ RIGHTS DOES NOT REPRESENT THE REAL SITUATION

Writer's picture: Food Sovereignty MalaysiaFood Sovereignty Malaysia

MEDIA STATEMENT | 30th MAY 2024 | KUALA LUMPUR

 

MALAYSIA’S UN PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE RESPONSE TO THE COMMUNICATION SUBMITTED BY THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE RIGHT TO FOOD ON FARMERS’ RIGHTS DOES NOT REPRESENT THE REAL SITUATION ON THE GROUND

 

We refer to the response of the Government of Malaysia[1] to the communication document issued by Michael Fakhri[2], the Special Rapporteur on The Right to Food regarding the  proposal for Malaysia  to join the 1991 Act of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Pants (UPOV 1991)   as part of the trade agreement negotiations between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA - comprised of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland) and Malaysia We share the same concerns with the Special Rapporteur, particularly on the following:

 

1.       UPOV 1991 a plant variety protection (PVP) system that is biased in favor of commercial plant breeders. UPOV 91 categorically protects commercial breeders' rights and limits the traditional rights and activities of smallholder farmers. The standard for protection under UPOV 1991 excludes or ignores important practices such as local seed exchange and sharing within and between communities. Its guidance on "subsistence farming" neglects the customary practices of subsistence farmers.

 

2.       Seed saving, an optional exception in UPOV 1991, is limited to a farmer's holding (often small in developing countries) and subject to conditions. It focuses on crops with a tradition of saving harvested material, excluding certain varieties/species from such practices. This leads to further restrictions on varieties, holding/crop size, etc., prohibiting the exchange or sale of seeds among farmers.

 

3.       Smallholder farmers face restrictions in adapting seeds to local needs through the "selection" method, crucial for climate change adaptation when a variety is protected under PVP laws that are based on UPOV 1991.

 

4.       UPOV 1991 imposes intellectual property rights over plant varieties, enabling corporations to monopolize and claim ownership over them. This can seriously disadvantage smallholder farmers.

 

In addition to the above, we are particularly concerned with the response of Malaysia’s UN Permanent Representative on the use of the term “farmer’s privileges” instead of ‘farmer’s rights’ throughout the response document.   It is alarmingly disturbing to note the lack of acknowledgment and recognition of farmers in Malaysia, whose rights (not privileges) have been explicitly recognized in various international instruments, including ITPGRFA and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP).  We are concerned with the technical and legal implications of using the term ‘privileges’ instead of ‘rights’, implying an intentional undermining of the legal rights of smallholder farmers in relation to access to seeds. 

 

In its response, the Permanent Representative of Malaysia said farmers in Peninsular Malaysia, in interviews, expressed that they prefer to buy a new batch of seeds for each new crop as the storage and maintenance of seeds require skill and suitable weather conditions to ensure quality germination and freedom from pests and diseases. We question the sampling selection criteria of the farmers interviewed, as these might be a representation of farmers in the granary areas who are already dependent on government support (such as seed subsidies) or large commercial scales, and not reflective of farmers not in the granary areas, including indigenous farming communities throughout Malaysia.

 

Our report titled “The Potential Impact of UPOV 1991 on The Malaysian Seed Sectors, Farmers and Their Practices”[3] published in 2023 shows that 33.5% of paddy farmers in the Peninsular states of Kedah and Perak save seeds from their farms. Among those who saved their seeds, 83.58% do it because they believe that the quality of the seeds is guaranteed, and they are satisfied with seeds that they processed themselves. The other 16.42% save seeds to save costs.  From this seed saving practice, they were able to save 10% to 20% of their harvest and have the option of reusing, sharing and selling their farm-saved seeds.

 

Meanwhile in the East Malaysia states of Sabah and Sarawak, a series of interviews conducted among 40 paddy farmers revealed seed saving and exchange to be a common practice among farmers using traditional or government-subsidized paddy seeds (some of which are PVP protected) In the latter case, seed saving is considered necessary due to constant delays in seed distribution by the government.

 

There is also concern about the misappropriation of local genetic resources considering the increased interest in commercializing traditional varieties. On such biopiracy, the UPOV 1991 Act states that breeder’s rights have to be independent of any measure concerning the production, certification, marketing, importing or exporting of the variety, thus rejecting any kind of disclosure of country of origin or legal provenance of genetic resources as a condition for grant of plant variety protection. This creates a major challenge for Malaysia with respect to operationalizing its rights under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing. In particular, it will create a huge loophole with regard to legal compliance with Act 795.

 

The practice of saving, using, exchanging and selling seeds is also employed by small-scale vegetable and fruit farmers. We conducted interviews with 10 vegetable and fruit farmers in Peninsular and East Malaysia. We found that, apart from planting traditional variety plants or landraces such as cekur manis, sambung nyawa, kaduk, gajus, serai kayu and ulam raja, they also plant modern varieties such as chilli, eggplant, luffa, ladyfingers, guava, water pumpkin, mung bean, tomato, papaya, basil and marigold.

 

This year, in conjunction with International Seed Day, celebrated on April 26 every year, a total of 200 local and international seed savers gathered at an International Agroecology Conference and Exhibition on Community Seed Systems held in Bangi. Contrary to the popular belief that the community of seed savers is small and insignificant, this conference proved the opposite when the Community Seed Reserve Initiative Project (IRBK) has so far recorded the stories of 90 seed savers from Malaysia, namely 59 individuals and 31 organizations.

 

UPOV 1991 redefines farmers' rights to save, use, and exchange protected seeds or propagating materials. It presents these rights as an optional privilege that member states can choose to implement. It also sets strict limits. For instance, under UPOV 91, saving seeds is only possible for certain crops and must be "within reasonable limits and subject to the safeguarding of the legitimate interests of the breeder". This means that the rights of the breeders are prioritized over the traditional practices of the farmers. 

UPOV 1991 goes on to prohibit seed exchange and selling that is explicitly recognized in the International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) and UNDROP. As a party to ITPGRFA and taking into account the UNDROP, Malaysia has the right to implement Farmers’ Rights that include the right to save, use, exchange and sell farm-saved seeds/propagating materials.

 

As mentioned in the response, we are aware that in 2005, the Malaysian Department of Agriculture requested an examination of the PNPV Act 2004 for conformity with UPOV 1991. UPOV responded to this request by identifying amendments to at least 13 sections of the Act to bring it into conformity with UPOV 1991. Hence joining UPOV will mean a major revision of the PNPV Act 2004 that entails the deletion of provisions that reflect the diversity of Malaysia’s agricultural system, safeguard farmers’ and indigenous peoples’ rights to freely save, use, exchange and sell farm-saved seeds/ propagating materials, prevent misappropriation of local genetic resources, and ensure timely availability of adequate seeds at affordable prices.

 

To justify Malaysia joining the UPOV 1991, its supporters and multinational agricultural companies claim it will provide easier access to improved varieties of crops and plant genetic resources, enable further breeding locally, increase the number and diversity of local breeders, facilitate access to the global market and enhance competitiveness. Such claims are, however, not based on evidence, as many studies around the world, have shown that robust seed systems are not dependent on UPOV 1991. Studies also point out that UPOV-type PVP systems create concentrated seed markets and reduce agricultural innovation and biodiversity while risking food security and sustainability.

 

Globally there is huge opposition to UPOV 1991, with many experts pointing out that it is unfit for agricultural systems prevailing in developing countries and for realizing Farmers’ Rights and other related human rights such as the right to food.

 

Copying the UPOV system into the proposed new PNPV Act will be a denial of farmers' and indigenous peoples’ right to the practice of saving, sharing and selling farm-saved seeds. It will promote monopolies, facilitate monocultures and lead to more loss of local farming knowledge and wisdom. The UPOV system will adversely affect the socio-cultural practices and socioeconomic status of farmers as well as the diversity and security of national food production. The government must not ignore the importance of agricultural biodiversity, food security, farmers’ rights and access to good, nutritious and affordable food for all Malaysians.

 

We strongly call on the Malaysian Government to follow the lead of Indonesia which has informed the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food that it will not join UPOV 1991 for many of the reasons that we have highlighted above.

 

FORUM KEDAULATAN MAKANAN MALAYSIA (FKMM) 

MALAYSIAN FOOD SOVEREIGNTY FORUM

 



Spokesperson:

Nurfitri Amir Bin Muhammad                                       

Head Coordinator, FKMM


This statement is endorsed by:


1.     BioHydro

2.     Consumer Association of Penang (CAP)

3.     Damai Farm ville

4.     Ecocentric Transitions

5.     Fitrah Farm

6.     GRASS Malaysia

7.     IDRIS Association

8.     Jaringan Ekologi dan Iklim (JEDI)

9.     Jungle family

10.  Justlife Workers Co-Op

11.  KebunBandar

12.  Klima Action Malaysia (KAMY)

13.  Komuniti Pondok Sukun (KomPoS)

14.  Koperasi Kongsi Selangor Berhad

15.  Malaysia Demeter Association

16.  Merryganic Farm

17.  Min House Camp

18.  Natural Farming Association of Malaysia (NFAM)

19.  Nubex Sdn Bhd

20.  Persatuan Agroekologi Malaysia (SRI-Mas)

21.  Persatuan Aktivis Sahabat Alam - KUASA

22.  Persatuan Pertanian Alami Kelantan (ALAMI)

23.  Persatuan Usahawan Tani Cinta Alam Kelantan (PUNCAK)

24.  Pertubuhan Lestari Alam Selangor (Alam Selangor)

25.  Pertubuhan Persaudaraan Pesawah Malaysia (PeSAWAH)

26.  Pertubuhan Rangkaian Pembangunan Kesinambungan Malaysia (SUSDEN Malaysia)

27.  Post Ark

28.  Rasa Sayang Permaculture Estate

29.  Rishi Organix

30.  Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM)

31.  Semaian Rimba Forestry

32.  The Lord’s Garden

33.  Taman Sara (Kebun Komuniti Masjid al-Rasyidin)

34.  Third World Network (TWN)

35. Langit Collective

36. Eat Shoots and Roots


[3] https://www.apbrebes.org/report_Malaysia

 Anwar urges farmers' rally not to disrupt Prabowo's visit


Bernama
Published:  Jan 27, 2025 6:36 AM
Updated: 5:37 AM
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Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim urged paddy farmers to ensure their planned gathering in Putrajaya today does not disrupt Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto’s visit.

He said while he does not oppose the gathering, it should be held at an appropriate time and under suitable circumstances.

“Tomorrow, we will have a state guest, President Prabowo Subianto, on a state visit at the invitation of the King and myself, followed by a meeting in Putrajaya,” said Anwar to reporters in Kuala Lumpur last night.

“I do not oppose the gathering to submit a memorandum to the Minister of Agriculture (and Food Security), feel free to do so.

“But when organising such matters, please set an appropriate time.”

It was reported that over 1,000 paddy farmers from across the country will gather in Putrajaya today to submit a memorandum to the prime minister demanding that the base paddy purchase price be raised to RM1,800 per tonne.

Anwar said he strongly disagreed with any gatherings that would disrupt the visit and urged the group to contact Agriculture and Food Security Minister Mohamad Sabu.

He also said he asked Inspector-General of Police Razarudin Husain to control the gathering.

“However, I ask that it be avoided. If you want to meet, protest, or hold a peaceful gathering, feel free to do it. But please don’t take advantage and disrupt an official event involving a friendly nation,” he said.

According to the Foreign Ministry, Prabowo will visit Malaysia today to underscore the strong and special bond of friendship between Malaysia and Indonesia.

It marks the first state visit by a foreign head of state to Malaysia following the installation of Sultan Ibrahim as King of Malaysia.

After a similar warning by Razarudin last night, rally organisers said they would change their rendezvous from the Prime Minister’s Office building to the Agriculture and Food Security Ministry’s office in Putrajaya.

- Bernama, Malaysiakini, 27/1/2025

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